5 lessons

Threat Modeling

System → assets → actors → entry points → trust boundaries → threats → mitigations. STRIDE, attack surface mapping, attack trees, and how to run a security review on a real architecture.

AssetThreatAttack SurfaceTrust BoundaryVulnerabilityExploit PathImpactMitigationDefense in DepthResidual Risk

Every lesson below identifies the asset, attacker capability and boundary before naming the vulnerability. Controls are split into prevention, detection and recovery; residual risk is explicit.

Threat Modeling: The Process
▶ lab

System → assets → actors → entry points → trust boundaries → threats → mitigations: a repeatable hour of structured thinking that finds design flaws no scanner will ever find, because they are not bugs.

Boundary · Every boundary in the system, which is the artefact the process is designed to make visible.
STRIDE — One Structured Method
▶ lab

Six prompts — spoofing, tampering, repudiation, information disclosure, denial of service, elevation of privilege — applied to each element of a diagram, which converts "think of what could go wrong" into a finite, checkable list.

Boundary · Applied at each data flow crossing a trust boundary, which is where the six prompts produce their best results.
Attack Trees
▶ lab

Start from the attacker's goal and decompose it into every path that achieves it, so you can see which defense covers several branches at once and which branch nothing covers at all.

Boundary · Each branch crosses different boundaries, which is what makes the tree useful — it exposes paths that a component-by-component review keeps separate.
Mapping the Attack Surface of a Real System
▶ lab

Take an architecture diagram and colour every node by exposure — public, authenticated, internal, privileged, highly sensitive — because the pattern that appears is usually more informative than any individual finding.

Boundary · Every edge between two differently-coloured nodes is a boundary, and the colouring is what makes them countable.
Security Review Mode: Any Architecture, Ten Questions
▶ lab

A repeatable interrogation you can run against any system diagram — yours, a candidate's, a vendor's — that produces specific findings in under an hour without needing to know the codebase.

Boundary · All of them — the review is largely an exercise in making boundaries explicit and then asking what each one validates.