Comparisons

Pairs engineers genuinely confuse — goal and implementation, MVP and bad prototype, prototype and spike, reversible and irreversible. Neither column wins; what decides is the problem. Each record leads with the confusion, because the confusion is what it costs.

Prototype vs spike

What people get wrong about this pair

Both are called "a prototype" and both are allowed to be ugly, so the spike grows into a prototype and the prototype grows into the product, and neither ever answers its question because the question was never written down. The cost is the three-week prototype that has become the codebase, with every shortcut the investigation allowed now load-bearing. The distinguishing habit is the same for both: write the question, the prediction and the time box before starting, and stop when the question is answered. A spike that answered its question on day one and continued to day five was four days of building a product without requirements.

Prototype — a working thing built to answer a question about the product or the design
Use it when

When the question is "would this work for users?" or "does this design hold together?" — it needs enough of the real shape to be judged.

Spike — a time-boxed investigation built to answer a question about feasibility or a technology
Use it when

When the question is "can this library do X?" or "how does the provider behave on timeout?" — it needs a repository you will delete and a clock.

AspectPrototype — a working thing built to answer a question about the product or the designSpike — a time-boxed investigation built to answer a question about feasibility or a technology
Question"Does this design or flow work?""Is this feasible, and how does it behave?"
Time boxDays to a couple of weeksHours to a couple of days
What survivesThe learning and possibly some codeThe learning only; the repository is deleted
ShapeEnough of the real workflow to judgeThe narrowest call that exercises the doubt
ExampleA checkout flow with a fake payment, shown to five customersOne call to the provider with the network cable pulled
Typical mistakeShipped as the productNever time-boxed, becomes a prototype